Inherent safer design

Importantly both of these demand adherence to satisfaction in the design and manufacturing process of an independent inspection authority. This authority is responsible for adherence during both the design and construction phases in accordance with the standard code. The codes and standards cover design, materials of construction, fabrication manufacture and workmanshipinspection and testing, and form the basis of agreement between the manufacturer and customer and the appointed independent inspection authority.

Understanding Coaxial Rotor Design by: Trevor English Coaxial rotor designs have been used on military helicopters for the better part of the last 75 years. The design eliminates the need for a tail rotor and creates a much more stable, and safer, machine.

In order to understand how a design with two coaxial rotors far outperforms other helicopters, we have to examine the physics at play. For single-rotor helicopters, lift is generated through the main rotor rotating.

This rotation generates torque about the main helicopter, which causes the main fuselage to want to spin around in the opposite direction. Early engineers designed the tail rotor to counter this torque and keep helicopters stable.

Tail rotors are generally much smaller rotors mounted on a perpendicular axis to the main rotor. By controlling the speed of the tail rotor, the pilot can stabilize the craft as well as control direction of the helicopter. Slowing the tail rotor would cause the helicopter body to rotate in the opposite direction of the main rotor due to excess torque in that direction.

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Speeding up the tail rotor would do the opposite. Along with direction, helicopter pilots can control the yaw of the craft by adjusting the angle of the tail rotor.

By pitching the tail rotor slightly up or down, the pilot creates a moment arm through the helicopter which in turn adjusts the yaw of the craft.

Now that we understand the basic mechanics of single-rotor helicopters, we can begin to see why coaxial rotors might present some advantages. By placing two rotors on a single axis and rotating them in opposite directions, a net zero torque around the main body of the helicopter is created, keeping it very stable.

Through both mechanical means and electronic means, each rotor is perfectly timed and controlled to cancel out the net torque of the other rotor in real time.

This allows coaxial craft to achieve rather significant hovering capabilities when compared to their single-rotor brethren. When you think of helicopters, you think of vertical takeoff and the ability to hover.

Remove those aspects, and the helicopter functions identically to a plane. In coaxial designs, the improved ability to hover and maintain stable flight ultimately make for better helicopters.

Better helicopters mean that they are easier to control and much safer for the occupants. Theoretically, if one rotor broke in a coaxial system, the craft could still be landed safely.

Lastly, the application of coaxial rotors means that there is no inherent need for the craft to have a gyroscope to provide stability. The rotational effects of both rotors provide for a near perfect gyroscope, improving the stability of the craft once more.

The first main fault is that the timing of the two rotor blades needs to be near perfect.

Inherent safety - Wikipedia

Speed and directional changes need to be accomplished together. Even the slightest fault in calibration essentially makes the aircraft unstable and unflyable. On top of the need for accuracy in the tuning of the rotors, these rotors tend not to be as responsive as single rotor craft.

While coaxial helicopters are safe and efficient, they are not well suited for applications where pilots need fine maneuverability. They are, however, perfect for applications where precise hovering is needed.

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The coaxial rotor design is one of the most prominent helicopter designs to date. If you were designing a helicopter, which design would you choose?An Overview of Inherently Safer Design! Dennis C.

Hendershot Staff Consultant, Center for Chemical Process Safety [email protected] Metro New York Section, American Institute of Chemical Engineers April 19, New York, NY.

2 Inherently safer design focus! Chilworth Technology 1 Inherently Safer Design: Case Studies and Examples Dennis C. Hendershot Principal Process Safety Specialist Chilworth Technology, Inc.

SAChE Modules Inherently Safer Design study guide by Taylor_Neumann4 includes 29 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Quizlet flashcards, activities . Examples of cranes that require the operator to hold a high-risk work licence.

Set out below is information about some of the kinds of cranes that require the operator to hold a high-risk work licence. Inherently Safer Design (ISD) takes a proactive approach to process safety, aiming to prevent hazards from entering manufacturing processes rather.

Get up-to-date on a fundamentally different approach to safety in the manufacture and use of chemicals. In one day, you’ll learn about inherently safer product and process design (ISD) as a way to eliminate or significantly reduce hazards—rather than develop add-on protective systems and procedures.