Baugh and cable on the english language

The linguistic study of the history of English took off in the 20th century with a range of traditional grammars usually concerned with the phonology and morphology of Old and Middle English and a further range of detailed studies of the language of particular texts and of particular dialects areas.

Crimean Gothic East Germanic Old English was not static, and its usage covered a period of years, from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century to the late 11th century, some time after the Norman invasion.

While indicating that the establishment of dates is an arbitrary process, Albert Baugh dates Old English from toa period of full inflections, a synthetic language.

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It came to be spoken over most of the territory of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms which became the Kingdom of England. This included most of present-day England, as well as part of what is now southeastern Scotlandwhich for several centuries belonged to the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria.

Other parts of the island — Wales and most of Scotland — continued to use Celtic languagesexcept in the areas of Scandinavian settlements where Old Norse was spoken. Celtic speech also remained established in certain parts of England: Medieval Cornish was spoken all over Cornwall and in adjacent parts of Devonwhile Cumbric survived perhaps to the 12th century in parts of Cumbriaand Welsh may have been spoken on the English side of the Anglo-Welsh border.

Norse was also widely spoken in the parts of England which fell under Danish law. Anglo-Saxon literacy developed after Christianisation in the late 7th century.

The Old English Latin alphabet was introduced around the 9th century. Alfred the Great statue in WinchesterHampshire.

Baugh & Cable, History of the English Language, A | Pearson

The 9th-century English King proposed that primary education be taught in English, with those wishing to advance to holy orders to continue their studies in Latin. With the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms outside the Danelaw by Alfred the Great in the later 9th century, the language of government and literature became standardised around the West Saxon dialect Early West Saxon.

Alfred advocated education in English alongside Latin, and had many works translated into the English language; some of them, such as Pope Gregory I 's treatise Pastoral Careappear to have been translated by Alfred himself. In Old English, typical of the development of literature, poetry arose before prose, but King Alfred the Great to chiefly inspired the growth of prose.

This form of the language is known as the " Winchester standard", or more commonly as Late West Saxon. It is considered to represent the "classical" form of Old English. The history of Old English can be subdivided into: Prehistoric Old English c. Late Old English c. Old English inscription over the arch of the south porticus in the 10th-century St Mary's parish church, BreamoreHampshire Old English should not be regarded as a single monolithic entity, just as Modern English is also not monolithic.

It emerged over time out of the many dialects and languages of the colonising tribes, and it is only towards the later Anglo-Saxon period that these can be considered to have constituted a single national language. In terms of geography the Northumbrian region lay north of the Humber River; the Mercian lay north of the Thames and South of the Humber River; West Saxon lay south and southwest of the Thames; and the smallest, Kentish region lay southeast of the Thames, a small corner of England.

The Kentish region, settled by the Jutes from Jutland, has the scantiest literary remains. Of these, Northumbria south of the Tyneand most of Merciawere overrun by the Vikings during the 9th century.

The portion of Mercia that was successfully defended, and all of Kentwere then integrated into Wessex under Alfred the Great. From that time on, the West Saxon dialect then in the form now known as Early West Saxon became standardised as the language of government, and as the basis for the many works of literature and religious materials produced or translated from Latin in that period.

The later literary standard known as Late West Saxon see Historyabovealthough centred in the same region of the country, appears not to have been directly descended from Alfred's Early West Saxon. Some Mercian texts continued to be written, however, and the influence of Mercian is apparent in some of the translations produced under Alfred's programme, many of which were produced by Mercian scholars.

In fact, what would become the standard forms of Middle English and of Modern English are descended from Mercian rather than West Saxon, while Scots developed from the Northumbrian dialect.

It was once claimed that, owing to its position at the heart of the Kingdom of Wessex, the relics of Anglo-Saxon accent, idiom and vocabulary were best preserved in the dialect of Somerset. Influence of other languages[ edit ] Further information: Celtic influence in EnglishLatin influence in Englishand Scandinavian influence in English The language of the Anglo-Saxon settlers appears not to have been significantly affected by the native British Celtic languages which it largely displaced.

The number of Celtic loanwords introduced into the language is very small. However, various suggestions have been made concerning possible influence that Celtic may have had on developments in English syntax in the post-Old English period, such as the regular progressive construction and analytic word order[18] as well as the eventual development of the periphrastic auxiliary verb "do".

Old English contained a certain number of loanwords from Latinwhich was the scholarly and diplomatic lingua franca of Western Europe. It is sometimes possible to give approximate dates for the borrowing of individual Latin words based on which patterns of sound change they have undergone.

Some Latin words had already been borrowed into the Germanic languages before the ancestral Angles and Saxons left continental Europe for Britain.The study of the history of the English language has a long and rich tradition, starting with a range of editions of important Old and Middle English texts in the middle of the 19th century, many of which are still available as reprints from the early English Text Society (see Text Editions).

The. regardbouddhiste.com: The English Language (Canto Classics) (): Charles Barber, Joan Beal, Philip Shaw: Books. A History of the English Language [Albert C. Baugh, Thomas Cable] on regardbouddhiste.com *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers.

A History of the English Language explores the linguistic and cultural development of English from the Roman conquest of England to the present day to provide a comprehensive overview of the different aspects of its history. regardbouddhiste.com: A History of the English Language (): Albert C.

Baugh, Thomas Cable: Books. If, for any reason, you find yourself wanting or needing to read Baugh and Cable's A History of the English Language, I'd advise you against using the Sixth Edition. It blurs details that earlier editions are much more clear about, re-arranges chapters that were better organized before, and since it doesn't address really recent evolutions in /5.

History of the English Language, A [Albert C. Baugh, Thomas Cable] on regardbouddhiste.com *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Comprehensive and balanced, this classic exploration of the history of the English language combines internal linguistic history and external cultural historyâ from the Middle Ages to the present.

Emphasis is on the political/5(28).